Inês SOUSA, Diana MARTINS, Fernando MENDES
Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology - 2026;10(1):72-85
Lung cancer (LC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and its aggressive nature necessitates the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown remarkable success in LC treatment. Despite advances with programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 inhibitors, many patients experience limited or short-lived responses, prompting interest in novel ICIs such as T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1). This narrative systematic review aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of these novel ICIs compared to standard ICI therapy in LC.
