Dilara ONAN, Halime ARIKAN, Doğa VURALLI, Merve Ceren AKGÖR, Ayşenur BAŞEL PALA, Ece YANIK, Ayşe İrem CAN, Can ULUTAŞ, Pelin YENİLMEZ YEŞİLDAŞ, İrem YILDIRIM, Pınar GELENER, Esra ACIMAN DEMİREL, Esme EKİZOĞLU, Aynur ÖZGE
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi - 2026;63(1):308-315
Introduction: In chronic migraine (CM), patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are important, as headaches may be related to impaired proprioception and somatic bodily awareness in the chronicity. This study aimed to adapt the Fremantle Headache Awareness Questionnaire (FreHAQ) to Turkish. Methods: Patients aged 18-70 were included in the study. After cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire, demographic-clinical information was recorded. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and FreHAQ were evaluated for structural validity. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were also performed. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha values were calculated for reliability. Results: A total of 180 patients were included. FreHAQ had good test-retest reliability (ICC=0.851) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.919). FreHAQ correlated with NPRS, MIDAS, HIT-6, HADS, and PCS (p<0.01). EFA identified a two-factor structure, explaining 56.98% of the variance. Conclusion: The Turkish version of FreHAQ is a valid and reliable tool to assess perceptual impairments in CM and is significantly associated with psychosocial factors.
