Bhagavathy SIVATHANU
Journal of Oncological Sciences - 2026;12(1):18-31
Objective: Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the one of the significant events in the cancer metastasis. The active compounds Bacoside A from Bacopa monnieri good in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and anticancer properties. The present study focuses to check the efficiency of Bacoside A on EMT in HCT 116 colon cancer cell lines and to explore its potential cancer therapeutics. Material and Methods: An in vitro study was designed with HCT 116 colon cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effect of Bacoside A was carried out with the different concentrations ranges from 0-50 µg/mL. The free radical scavenging activity, the membrane stability assay, lipid peroxidation assay, protein denaturation assay and metal chelating activity were assessed. Cell migration and colony forming capacity was assessed with different concentrations of Bacoside A. Cell apoptosis was checked with Acrydine Orange - Propidium Iodide staining. The gene expression was performed with epitehlial markers and mesenchymal markers E-Cadherin, Snail and Vimentin. Results: The results of the present work states that the Bacoside A potentially inhibit the cancer cell proliferation and the IC50 value was found be 32 µg/mL. Further investigation on membrane stability the lipid peroxidation and protein denaturation, concentration dependent inhibition was found upon Bacoside A treatment. Migration assay results conclude that the higher concentration inhibits cell growth and the lower concentration slows down the cell migration. The results of colony forming units by HCT 116 colon cancer cells were effectively inhibited by Bacoside A treatment. The EMT induction studies indicates the EMT was attenuated on Bacoside A treatment. The results of apoptosis study clearly indicate the Bacoside A treatment induced cancer cell death. The gene expression analysis further confirms that the epithelial protein markers E-Cadherin was upregulated and intermediary protein -snail and mesenchymal marker - vimentin were down regulated. Conclusion: The results of present work clearly states that phyto compound Bacoside A had a potent anticancer and anti-metastatic activity for HCT 116 colon cancer cell lines tested in vitro. Bacoside A effectively inhibits cell viability, colony formation, cell migration and induced apoptotic cell death in colon cancer cell lines.
