Mahima TANWAR, Geeta PANDEY, Trapti GUPTA
Journal of Research in Pharmacy - 2025;29(6):2527-2541
Diabetes is a growing global health challenge with significant complications if not managed effectively. While current treatments are effective, they come with side effects that can impact the quality of life. Exploring new treatments, such as nanoparticles, offers a promising avenue to develop more effective and safer therapies. The present study aimed to synthesize and characterize nanoparticles of Annona squamosa (AS-AgNPs) and to explore in -vitro and in -vivo antidiabetic potential of AS -AgNPs. Nanoparti cles from Annona squamosa leaf extract were synthesized and characterized by using UV -visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, X -ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X -ray spectroscopy and Zeta potential analyzer. The anti -diabetic potential of the biosynthesised AS -AgNPs has been evaluated using an Alpha -amylase and alpha -glucosidase inhibitory analysis. After that, the anti -diabetic potential of AS -AgNPs was investigated in streptozotocin -induced diabetic mice by evaluating serum insulin , oral glucose toleranc e, and blood glucose levels following the administration of AS -AgNPs at 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg b.wt. The nanoparticles synthesized from Annona squamosa were globular in shape, evenly dispersed, with sizes ranging from 10 to 30 nm . The XRD pattern indicates the crystalline nature of the synthesized AS -AgNPs. Zeta potential value for silver nanoparticles indicates reduced aggregation potential. In vitro antidiabetic efficacy evaluation showed that the synthesized AS -AgNPs inhibited the activity of alpha -amylase and alpha-glucosidase. After 7, 14, and 21 days of therapy, a decrease in blood glucose level of -15.72% (P<=0.05), -33.47% (P<=0.01), and -56.87% (P<=0.001) was found in the highest dosage group compared to their baseline blood glucose level. But significant rise in the level of serum insulin in diabetic mice when compared to diabetic control mice. The observed effects suggest that AS -AgNPs have the potential to manage and mitigate the symptoms of diabetes effectively and warrant further exploration. Future research could focus on understanding the underlying mechanisms of action, optimizing the dosage and delivery methods, and evaluating the long -term safety and efficacy of AS -AgNPs in clinical settings. The promising results from this study provide a foundation for developing novel anti -diabetic therapies based on AS -AgNPs.
