Burcin Celik, Olcay Kandemir
Experimental and Applied Medical Science - 2025;6(3):269-278
Purpose : This study evaluated the clinicopathological significance of KRAS mutations and p21 expression in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and explored their correlatio n with pathological parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirty metastatic CRC cases from Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. KRAS mutations were identified using pyrosequencing, and p21 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Associations with tumor grade, size, invasion depth, and lymph node stat us were statistically examined. Results: KRAS mutations were identified in 15 (50%) of th e cases, with codon 12 mutations being the most frequent. p21 nuclear expression was observed more commonly in KRAS mutant tumors. A significant association was found between p21 expression and pathological tumor invasion depth. No significant correlation was detected between KRAS mutations and tumor localizati on, grade, or other parameters. Conclusion : KRAS mutations, particularly at codon 12, are common in CRC and may influence p21 expression. Prognostically, p21 expression appears associated with more ag gressive disease. Although traditionally regarded as a tumor suppressor, p21 may also promote tumor survival and therapy resistance in certain contexts. Combined evaluation of KRAS and p21 could enhance prognostic stratification and support personalized tr eatment strategies. Larger studies are needed to validate this dual assessment as a reliable biomarker model in CRC.
