Irem Sozen YANIK, Dilara Sahin HAZIR, Mustafa Baris GUNCU
Clinical Dentistry and Research - 2026;50(2):111-118
Background and Aim: This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of a universal resin cement to pre-milled titanium surfaces using three different adhesive approaches. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight titanium specimens were obtained from pre-milled titanium abutment blanks and equally distributed into three experimental groups (n = 16) according to the adhesive strategy: a dedicated metal primer (G-Multi Primer), a two-bottle universal adhesive (Tokuyama Universal Bond II), and a one-bottle universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal Plus). Prior to bonding, all surfaces were conditioned by airborne-particle abrasion using 50 µm aluminum oxide particles. Resin cement cylinders were prepared using a custom stainless-steel jig to ensure standardized dimensions and positioning. The same self-adhesive dual-cure resin cement (Maxcem Elite) was used for all specimens. Following 24 hours of water storage at 37 dereceC, immediate SBS was measured using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Fracture patterns after debonding were categorized as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed failures. Statistical evaluation included one-way ANOVA and Fisher's Exact test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Baseline surface roughness did not differ significantly among the experimental groups (p > 0.05). Airborne-particle abrasion increased the mean Ra value from 0.22 mum to 0.54 mum, with no significant differences among the groups after surface treatment (p > 0.05). Tokuyama Universal Bond II demonstrated the highest mean SBS value (18.53 +/- 2.45 MPa), followed by G-Multi Primer (17.32 +/- 1.99 MPa) and Scotchbond Universal Plus (16.67 +/- 1.97 MPa). There were no significant differences among the adhesive systems (p = 0.057). Adhesive-type failure represented the most frequent fracture pattern across all groups, accounting for 62.5%-75% of failures. Cohesive fractures were identified only in the Tokuyama and G-Multi Primer groups. Conclusions: Both universal adhesives and dedicated metal primers demonstrated comparable immediate bonding performance to titanium surfaces.
