Mehmet ÇELİK, Abdül Hamid GÜLER, Ahmet GÖÇMEN
The Injector - 2026;5(2):65-72
Objective: To compare fetal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with different degrees of glucose intolerance and glycemic control. Methods: This prospective study included 223 pregnant women who delivered at Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital between 2010 and 2011, together with their newborns. Participants were classified into five groups: normoglycemic women (Group 1), women with one abnormal value on the 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (Group 2), women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adequate glycemic control (Group 3), women with GDM and inadequate glycemic control (Group 4), and women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (Group 5). Fetal and neonatal outcomes were compared among the groups. Results: Gestational age at delivery was significantly lower in Group 4 than in the other groups (p<0.05). Mean birth weight was significantly higher in Group 5 than in Groups 1, 2, and 3 (p<0.05), whereas the 1-minute Apgar score was significantly lower in Group 5 than in these groups (p<0.05). The frequencies of low birth weight, prematurity, macrosomia, polyhydramnios, stillbirth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and neonatal hypoglycemia differed significantly among the groups, with adverse outcomes generally occurring more frequently in Groups 4 and 5. Conclusion: Different degrees of glucose intolerance and glycemic control during pregnancy were associated with differences in fetal and neonatal outcomes. Adverse outcomes were more frequently observed among women with inadequately controlled GDM and those with pregestational diabetes.
