Nida SUHAIL
Annals of Clinical and Analytical Medicine - 2026;17(4):346-351
Aim: Thyroid dysfunction is known to contribute to electrolyte imbalances and vitamin deficiencies. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of thyroid disorders on serum electrolytes, as well as vitamin D and B12 levels, while also exploring their relationship with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Methods: Biochemical data of 150 participants with clinically established thyroid dysfunction (75 hyper and 75 hypo) were collected from the electronic records of the hospital. Vitamins B12 and D were analyzed for correlation with serum TSH levels. Results: Electrolyte analysis revealed significant differences between hyperthyroid and hypothyroid groups (p < 0.001). Sodium levels were lower in hypothyroid patients (110.68 +/- 8.24 mmol/L) and elevated in hyperthyroid patients (169.81 +/- 13.67 mmol/L) compared to the normal range (132-145 mmol/L). A similar trend was observed for potassium and calcium, with lower levels in hypothyroid patients but normal levels in hyperthyroid patients. Conversely, chloride and phosphate levels were elevated in hypothyroid patients but decreased in hyperthyroid patients (p < 0.001). Vitamin D levels were low in both groups without a significant difference (p = 0.248), while vitamin B12 levels were significantly lower in hypothyroid and higher in hyperthyroid patients (p < .0.001). In hypothyroid patients, TSH showed weak, non-significant negative correlations with vitamin B12 (r = -0.101, p = 0.388) and vitamin D (r =-0.141, p = 0.228). Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction impacts electrolyte balance and vitamin metabolism. Patients with hypothyroidism should be routinely screened for vitamin D and B12 deficiencies to enable early treatment and prevent complications.
