İmdat EROĞLU, Hatice AVŞAR, Osman SÜTÇÜOĞLU, Gözde SAVAŞ, Fatih GÜRLER, Uğur COŞKUN, Aytuğ ÜNER, Ozan YAZICI, Ahmet ÖZET, Nuriye ÖZDEMİR
Journal of Oncological Sciences - 2026;12(1):41-50
Objective: Genitourinary (GU) cancers represent a major global cancer burden. With improved survival, second primary malignancies (SPMs) have become an important challenge in survivorship care. However, data specific to GU cancer survivors are limited. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with GU cancers diagnosed at Gazi University between 2004 and 2024. Patients with prior malignancies were excluded. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from medical records. SPMs were defined as synchronous (<=6 months) or metachronous (>6 months). Results: Among 1,628 patients, 57 developed an SPM, yielding an overall incidence of 3.5%. Incidence rates by subgroup were as follows: prostate cancer, 5.1% (28/548); bladder cancer, 2.7% (12/445); renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 2.9% (11/385); and testicular cancer, 2.4% (6/250). Overall, 26.3% of SPMs were synchronous and 73.7% were metachronous. The most common SPMs were lung cancers (22.8%) and secondary GU cancers (22.8%), followed by gastrointestinal cancers (15.8%) and skin cancers (14.0%). Subgroup analysis showed distinct patterns: in prostate cancer survivors, lung cancers (25.0%) and bladder cancers (17.8%) were most frequent; in bladder cancer survivors, gastrointestinal cancers (33.3%) and lung cancers (25.0%) predominated; in RCC patients, lung cancers were most common (27.3%); and in testicular cancer survivors, secondary urogenital tumors predominated (50.0%). The median interval to SPM diagnosis was 25.9 months, with the longest latency observed in testicular cancer survivors (76.4 months). Conclusion: The incidence of SPMs in GU cancers was lower than that reported in population-based studies, but the distribution patterns were consistent, with lung and urogenital tumors predominating. These results emphasize the need for tailored, long-term surveillance in GU cancer survivors.
