Esra Özer, Şerife İrem Döner
Lokman Hekim Health Sciences - 2025;5(3):270-278
Menstruation is a hormonally regulated physiological process involving periodic endometrial shedding and bleeding. Menarche typically occurs between ages 11-13 and ends with menopause around 45-50. Though biologically driven, menstruation is a multidimensional experience encompassing physical, psychological, and social aspects. Globally, around 75% of women report menstrual symptoms, which can impair daily functioning and sometimes necessitate medical intervention. Despite their prevalence, the exact causes of menstrual symptoms remain unclear, with contributing factors including hormonal fluctuations, neurotransmitter imbalances, prostaglandins, diet, and lifestyle.
