OSAYD ALAWAWDA, GELENGÜL URVASIZOĞLU, FUNDA BAYINDIR
New Trends in Medicine Sciences - 2025;6(1):26-36
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) constitutes a considerable clinical challenge, particularly for individuals undergoing antiresorptive therapy for osseous malignancies and osteoporosis. This review seeks to investigate the risk factors, management approaches, and prophylactic strategies pertaining to MRONJ, emphasizing the implications of tooth extraction, implant therapy, oral surgical interventions, periodontitis, and inadequately fitting removable dentures. An exhaustive literature review was performed to assess the prevalence of MRONJ, concentrating on the specific drug type, method of administration, and dental interventions. Particular emphasis was placed on the hazards linked to intravenous bisphosphonate therapy, tooth extractions, dental implants, and various oral surgical procedures. Investigations examining the potential protective function of dental implants in contrast to alternative interventions were also scrutinized. Data regarding collaborative preventive strategies involving dental practitioners, medical professionals, and patients were incorporated. The review elucidated that the incidence of MRONJ is contingent upon the specific drug and procedure utilized, with intravenous bisphosphonates presenting a heightened risk. Tooth extraction is identified as a principal local risk factor for MRONJ, whereas the evidence regarding dental implants is inconsistent, with certain studies indicating a diminished risk. Prophylactic measures, encompassing pretreatment assessments, enhanced oral hygiene practices, and minimally invasive procedures, were recognized as vital for mitigating the incidence of MRONJ. The prevention and management of MRONJ necessitate a multidisciplinary framework, which includes comprehensive dental assessments, patient education initiatives, and meticulous treatment planning. Interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers is imperative for optimizing clinical outcomes. Additional research is warranted to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MRONJ and to devise targeted therapeutic interventions that enhance safety and quality of life for patients receiving antiresorptive therapy. ©2025 NTMS.
