Marwan AL-NIMER, Vian Ahmed Wasta ESMAIL
Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy - 2025;45(4):353-366
There are interactions between the effects of oral antidiabetics on physical activity, sarcopenia, dysmobility syndrome, and circulating myokine levels. The geriatric population with type 2 diabetes mellitus are more likely to develop sarcopenia or dysmobility because they are physically inactive due to metabolic dysfunction. In this review, we examined appropriate testing for sarcopenia or dysmobility syndrome (muscle wasting and osteoporosis) and levels of myokines or exerkines, notably irisin and myostatin, which indicate the level of physical activity. Our data showed that the effects of oral antidiabetics on skeletal muscle volume, strength, and bone mineral density were inconsistent. Furthermore, certain oral antidiabetics aggravate sarcopenia in sedentary people, whereas others require physiotherapy. An intriguing discovery is that some oral antidiabetics considerably boost circulating irisin levels associated with greater physical activity and skeletal muscle strength. Exercise rehabilitation is recommended to counteract the detrimental effects of certain oral antidiabetics on sarcopenia or dysmobility syndrome. Exogenous irisin and myostatin inhibitors supplementation is still in the experimental phase.
