Dawan Mohammed SALEEM, Halgurd Fathullah AHMED, Muhammad Younis QADIR
Perinatal Journal - 2026;34(3):26-33
Vitamin D3 deficiency is a prevalent condition, affecting nearly one billion people worldwide. Several studies have reported that vitamin D3 deficiency is common among patients with acute coronary syndrome and cardiovascular disease; however, this relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency among patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome in Erbil, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Erbil Cardiac Center between July 2025 and January 2026. Data were gathered through direct interviews with participants using a structured questionnaire. Serum vitamin D, lipid profile, troponin, creatine kinase, and serum creatinine were measured. Data entry, processing, and analysis were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26.0. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency was 49.9%, and insufficiency was 28.1%. Vitamin D3 deficiency was significantly associated with female gender, family history of ischemic heart disease, previous COVID-19 infection, stressful lifestyle, and abnormal body mass index (P = 0.033, 0.004, 0.001, 0.002, and 0.003, respectively). Stepwise linear regression identified previous COVID-19 infection, obesity, family history, alcohol intake, and creatine kinase level as predictors of vitamin D level. Approximately half of the participants were vitamin D3 deficient. Vitamin D3 deficiency was significantly associated with female gender, obesity, previous COVID-19 infection, stressful lifestyle, and family history of acute coronary syndrome. Previous COVID-19 infection, obesity, family history, alcohol intake, and creatine kinase level were significant predictors of vitamin D3 level.
