Sedat ÖZBAY, Orhan ÖZSOY, Tansu GENÇER, Mustafa AYAN, Cihan BEDEL
Eurasian Journal of Emergency Medicine - 2026;25(1):388-393
Aim: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The identification of novel biomarkers reflecting the inflammatory and thrombotic mechanisms involved in acute coronary syndromes may improve diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification. Semaphorins are a family of proteins involved in immune regulation, vascular biology, and platelet activation, suggesting a potential role in cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate serum semaphorin levels in patients with AMI and to evaluate their potential diagnostic and prognostic value. Materials and Methods: In this prospective case-control study, 62 participants were enrolled: 31 patients diagnosed with AMI and 31 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Among the AMI patients, 19 had ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 12 had non-STEMI (NSTEMI). Serum semaphorin levels were measured using an ELISA. Clinical, demographic, and angiographic data were recorded and analyzed. Results: The mean serum semaphorin level was 0.21+/-0.12 in the AMI group and 0.26+/-0.17 in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.556). Semaphorin levels were also comparable between male and female participants (0.23+/-0.14 vs. 0.26+/-0.18, p=0.662). Subgroup analysis demonstrated mean semaphorin levels of 0.21+/-0.16 in NSTEMI patients and 0.21+/-0.07 in STEMI patients. Although semaphorin levels tended to be lower in AMI patients than in the control group, no significant difference was observed among the control, NSTEMI, and STEMI groups(p=0.081). Conclusion: Serum semaphorin levels were not significantly associated with the presence or subtype of AMI in the present study. These findings suggest limited diagnostic utility of circulating semaphorin levels in AMI. Further multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are needed to clarify the role of semaphorins in the pathophysiology and clinical assessment of acute coronary syndromes.
