Muafia SHAFIQ, Abdul QADIR, Naqi HUSSAIN, Shamma FIRDOUS, Ammara YASMEEN, Adil HUSSAIN
Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia - 2026;64(3):499-517
Flonicamid exerts toxicity in humans and environment, which requires a thorough risk assessment to ensure safety. This study evaluated the efficacy of zinc and vitamins to mitigate flonicamid induced toxicity in male rabbits. For this purpose, the experimental rabbits were categorized into four groups. GI group was control, while the GII, GVI and GVII groups were orally administered with flonicamid (18 mg/kg) for 30 days. The GVI and GVII groups also received zinc chloride (5 mg/kg) alone and in combination with vitamin C and E (each 100 mg/kg) prior to flonicamid administration respectively. Flonicamid toxicity observed in animals significantly increased hepatic enzymes, decreased antioxidant enzymes with severe changes in the hepatic histo-architecture. Significant improvement was observed in the hepatic enzyme activities and tissue histology in the GVII group followed by GVI group, corroborating the synergetic protective effects of Zn and vitamins in ameliorating flonicamid induced hepatotoxicity.
