Shaban MEMETI, Haris SULEJMANI, Marjan KAMILOSKI
Gulhane Medical Journal - 2026;68(3):192-198
Aims: Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the male urogenital tract, yet regional outcome data from Southeastern Europe remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate epidemiological patterns, surgical management strategies, and postoperative outcomes over 10 years in North Macedonia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in North Macedonia including patients managed for hypospadias and related postoperative sequelae between January 2011 and December 2020. Demographic, clinical, operative, and outcome data were extracted from institutional records. Primary hypospadias cases were analyzed by anatomical subtype, while surgically treated patients were evaluated for surgical techniques and postoperative complications. Results: A total of 647 patient records were identified, including 507 patients with primary hypospadias, of whom 469 were surgically treated. Mean age at treatment was 4.9+/-3.6 years, and mean hospitalization duration was 7.1+/-3.4 days. Anterior hypospadias was the most common subtype (78.5%), followed by glandular hypospadias (10.3%). Tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty was the predominant reconstructive technique (73.6%). Proximal variants were associated with longer hospitalization. Urethrocutaneous fistula (7.9%) and urethral stenosis (2.6%) were the most frequent postoperative complications. Most patients were from major urban municipalities. Conclusions: In this 10-year cohort, hypospadias management included the predominant use of TIP urethroplasty, a substantial proportion of cases requiring reoperation, and longer hospitalization for proximal defects. Most patients originated from major urban municipalities.
