Muhammet HARMANCI, Filiz ACUN KAYA
Journal of Dental Sciences and Education - 2026;4(2):56-65
In women, physiological processes such as puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, and menopause cause significant fluctuations in estrogen, progesterone, and androgen levels, increasing the inflammatory response in gum tissues and affecting the course of periodontal disease. Numerous studies in the literature have shown that hormonal changes directly affect periodontal cells, modulate inflammatory cytokine levels, and shape tissue destruction and healing processes. Furthermore, it has been emphasized that during these hormonal periods, there is an increase in the frequency of conditions such as gingivitis, periodontitis, and pyogenic granuloma seen in women. In periodontology practice, it is clear that variable hormonal conditions must be taken into account in treatment and preventive approaches for female patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of physiological hormonal processes in women on periodontal tissues.
