Başak BEDİR
Ebelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi - 2026;9(3):256-269
This review examines the studies carried out over the past five years to find out how breastfeeding and formula feeding influence gut microbiota composition in infants. The various studies show that, in general, breast-fed infants present a much richer and balanced profile of the microbiota. According to these studies, natural prebiotics and probiotics found in breast milk favor the growth of beneficial bacteria, mainly Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, protecting infants against infections. In formula-fed infants, however, microbiota diversity is generally lower and there is a trend towards increased unhealthy bacteria. How dietary habits can have a significant effect on the gut microbiota because of the different regions of the world is also reviewed. Future research is recommended and the most needed is emphasized for the advocacy of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is not only crucial for infant nutrition, but it also strengthens mother-infant bonds and provides lifelong health benefits. Thus, raising awareness at the community level regarding this fact is important for ensuring the optimal health of infants.
