Ruaa Kareem Surhan, Aqeel A. Al-Sadawi, Ali Reyadh Medhat, Ahmed Al Obaidi
Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - 2025;15(4):166-171
Background: Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi remains a major global health concern, particularly in regions with limited resources. Interleukins such as interleukin-5 and interleukin-23 are thought to play pivotal roles in shaping the host's immune defense against this pathogen, yet their precise contributions are not fully understood. Aim: This study aims to clarify how interleukin (IL)-5 and interleukin (IL)-23 interact within the human immune response during Typhi infection and whether they can serve as useful immunological markers. Methods: Blood samples were collected from patients with confirmed typhoid and healthy controls. Cytokine expression levels were analyzed using standard immunoassay techniques and molecular detection methods.Results: Both interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-23 were significantly upregulated in infected individuals compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Their elevated levels play a potential role in immune pathway modulation that could influence disease progression or recovery. Conclusion: Understanding how IL-5 and IL-23 contribute to host defense may open new avenues for developing better diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for typhoid fever.
